Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic

Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (TSFSR) was a form of political and state union of the Soviet Socialist Republics of Azerbaijan, Georgia and Armenia from 1922 to 1936.

On March 12, 1922, an alliance agreement was signed and the Federative Union of Socialist Soviet Republics of Transcaucasia (FUSSRT) was created at the conference of plenipotentiary representatives of the Central Executive Committees of the Soviet Socialist Republics of Azerbaijan, Georgia and Armenia. The full-fledged conference of representatives elected in equal number from the republics was declared as the highest body of the of state power, and the Union Council, the members of which were elected by the conference, was declared as the executive body. The issue of closer rapprochement of the Transcaucasian republics, transformation of the FUSSRT into the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic was soon on the agenda.

On December 13, 1922, the First all-Caucasian Congress of Soviets formalized the creation of the TSFSR, adopted its first constitution and decided that the Transcaucasian Soviet Republics should join the USSR as a single federal republic. One group of Georgians, led by P. (Budu) Mdivani was against the creation of the federation. At first, he opposed the establishment of the Economic Union of Transcaucasian Republics, and then the Federation of Republics, demanding Georgia's direct entry into the USSR. This request was not without grounds, but the Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) repeatedly confirmed the necessity of a close economic and state union of the Transcaucasian republics and as a result, the protests and complaints of the group of P. (Budu) Mdivani were unsuccessful. The TSFSR was dissolved in 1936, and the Soviet Socialist Republics of Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Armenia were directly incorporated into the USSR.

Literature: Первый Закавказский сьезд Советов. Стеногр. отчет, Тфл., 1923; История Советской Конституции в документах (1917 – 1956), М., 1957; За образавание Союза Советских Социалистических Республик. Доклады и материалы, Тб., 1972.

 V. Merkviladze