Dodashvili Solomon
S. Dodashvili
Solomon Dodashvili (Dodaev-Mogarsky) (b. May 17, 1805, the village of Magharo, present-day Sighnaghi Municipality – d. September 1, 1836, Vyatka, present-day Kirov) was a philosopher, educator and public figure.
In 1817, he was sent to the school at the Bodbe Monastery, in 1818 he entered the Sighnaghi Theological-Parochial School, then the Theological School, and in 1820 — Tbilisi Theological Seminary. He graduated from there in 1822. By the resolution of the seminary board, on March 30 of the same year, he was appointed as a teacher of the senior class of the Theological-Parochial School. In July 1823, Dodashvili resigned from his work and left for St. Petersburg.
In 1824, Dodashvili became a Listener at the Faculty of Philosophy and Law in St. Petersburg; he graduated in 1827. In St. Petersburg, he lived in the house of Bagrat Batonishvili and taught his young sons the Georgian language. In this house, he became acquainted with the representatives of Bagrationi family living there (Ioane and Teimuraz, Queen Anna and others).
St. Petersburg had a great influence on Dodashvili. He witnessed the December uprising of 1825 and the punishment of the Decembrists. Later, in his papers, the letter of the Decembrist K. Ryleev was found, which he sent to his wife the day before his execution.
After returning to Tbilisi in 1827, he was invited to the Noble School (a gymnasium from 1830) as a teacher of Georgian language, logic and geography. One of his favorite students was the great Georgian poet — N. Baratashvili. In July 1828, he was invited to become the editor of the Georgian edition of the newspaper “Tfilisis Utskebani” (News of Tiflis). From January 1832, he began publishing the biweekly magazine “Saliteraturo Natsilni “Tfilisis Utskebatanis”” (Literary Parts of the News of Tiflis) (only five issues were printed).
In December 1832, he was arrested as one of the ideological leaders of a political conspiracy against the Tsarist regime. In 1834, he was sentenced to permanent exile to the northern province of Russia, Vyatka, where he went with his wife and children. He worked with A. Herzen in the Vyatka Governor's Office for a time.
He died of tuberculosis. He was buried there. In 1994, his remains were transferred and buried on Mtatsminda.
Dodashvili's important philosophical works include Course of Philosophy. Part One. Logic (St. Petersburg, 1827, in Russian; a Georgian version was also submitted for publication, but it got lost; It was translated into Georgian by P. Iashvili in 1949), as well as Logical Methodology and Rhetoric that were not published during his lifetime. The basis of Dodashvili's philosophical views is German classical idealism, namely, the philosophy of I. Kant (the so-called Kantianism).
Dodashvili made a great contribution to the development of Georgian grammar and literature. In 1830, Dodashvili's school grammar was published. It includes: morphology, syntax, orthography.
Dodashvili was a belletrist, literary historian, and theorist. In his work Rhetoric, he studied the issues of the theory of literary prose. He also touched on grammatical stylistics and cultural issues of speech.
Dodashvili's work — A Brief Review of Georgian Literaturen, is the first attempt of periodization of ancient Georgian literature. The author substantiated the identity of Georgian writing, reviewed the work of Georgian writers, translators and philosophers.
Dodashvili devoted his life to the preservation of Georgian culture. He was an ideological leader of national culture. Ilia Chavchavadze noted that the national liberation flag had been inherited from S. Dodashvili and G. Eristavi.
Literary works: თხზულებანი, თბ., 1964; თხზულებანი (შეადგინა და წინასიტყვაობა დაურთო თ. კუკავამ), თბ., 1989; Курс философии, ч. 1 – Логика, СПб., 1827 (ქართ. ენაზე – 1949).
Literature: გ ა ბ ი ძ ა შ ვ ი ლ ი ო., სოლომონ დოდაშვილი, თბ., 1985; გ ა გ ო ი ძ ე ვ., ფილოსოფიური აზრის ძირითადი მიმდინარეობანი XIX ს. საქართველოში, თბ., 1964; გ ო ზ ა ლ ი შ ვ ი ლ ი გ., 1832 წლის შეთქმულება, ტ. 1–2, თბ., 1935–70; გ ო ც ა ძ ე მ., სოლომონ დოდაშვილი (ცხოვრება და მოღვაწეობა), თბ., 1955; თ ე ვ ზ ა ძ ე გ., სოლომონ დოდაშვილი, თბ., 2005; კ უ კ ა ვ ა თ., სოლომონ დოდაშვილი და მისი მსოფლმხედველობა, თბ., 1975; ნ უ ც უ ბ ი ძ ე შ., ქართული ფილოსოფიის ისტორია, ტ. 2, თბ., 1958; სოლომონ დოდაშვილი. ბიობიბლიოგრაფია (1825–1966). შემდგ.: ნ. დოლიძე, ნ. ფირცხალავა; ს. ხუციშვილის რედ. და წინასიტყვაობით, თბ., 1967; სოლომონ დოდაშვილი (საიუბილეო კრებული), თბ., 1986.
L. Mchedlishvili
I. Kavtaradze
