Enver Paşa

Enver Paşa (b. November 22, 1881 – d. August 4, 1922) was an Ottoman political and military figure, general. In 1913, he carried out a coup d'état and became the most influential member of the ruling triumvirate (Enver Pasha, Talaat Pasha and Cemâl Pasha). He was the main exponent of the ideology of Pan-Turkism and Pan-Islamism.

During the World War I, Enver Pasha was the de facto dictator of the Ottoman Empire and deputy commander-in-chief of the armed forces. He decided to implement the plan to conquer the Caucasus, the Volga region and Central Asia. To this end, he strengthened the Third Turkish Army, personally led it, launched an offensive in the Caucasus in November 1914, but was defeated. In 1914, Enver Pasha held negotiations in Istanbul with L. Kereselidze to conclude a secret treaty against Russia. In June 1918, he arrived in Batumi and led the intervention into the countries of South Caucasus; As a result, the Ottomans captured southern Georgia and Baku.

After the defeat of the Ottomans in World War I, he signed an act of capitulation with the Entente powers in Mudros. Then he fled to Germany, from there to Soviet Russia and tried to wage war against Mustafa Kemal Pasha, but to no avail. In November 1921, Enver Pasha fled to Bukhara and headed the Basmachi detachments, but was killed in a clash with units of the Red Army.

 

Literature: გიგინეიშვილი ო., თურქიზმი და ოსმალეთის საგარეო პოლიტიკა, თბ., 1961; სვანიძე მ., 1914 წ. ოსმალეთსა და „საქართველოს განთავისუფლების კომიტეტს" შორის დადებული საიდუმლო ხელშეკრულება, კრ.: ქართული დიპლომატია. წელიწდეული, [ტ.] 2, თბ., 1995.

 M. Svanidze